Important Facts about GPS

We'll break down the basic facts about GPS: what it is, how it works, why you need it, and how you can get it.

What is GPS?

GPS stands for Global Positioning System, and refers to a service that allows individuals to pinpoint their exact location, longitude and latitude, on Earth. GPS was originally developed in 1973 by the US Department of Defense for use in military operations. Roughly 30 satellites were put into Earth orbit, which work together to accurately determine the position of a GPS receiver on the ground. It was not until 1983 that GPS was approved for public use by Ronald Reagan. Since that order, the Global Positioning System has primarily been used to aid in navigation, be it for commercial air liners, large ocean-going vessels, or everyday automobiles.

How does GPS work?

As noted above, the GPS system involves roughly 30 orbital satellites, arranged in such a way that no fewer than six satellites are visible from any point on the surface of the Earth at any given time. These satellites broadcast signals that are then picked up by a user's GPS receiver. The signal is referred to as the Navigation Message. Using the navigation messages from several satellites, a GPS receiver is able to calculate a user's location with startling accuracy.

Why is GPS useful?

GPS is useful because it makes navigating confusing city streets or unfamiliar regions far less fraught with potential errors than ever before. Simply enter in your destination, and your GPS receiver will plot an effective course in real time. Most models also display a visual representation of not just your route, but of your immediate vicinity, giving you a bird's eye view of where you are so you won't miss any sights along the way. GPS receivers allow you to seek out and set your own points of interest, to save important routes, and also give audible prompts on where to turn and what you should be doing. That's a significant advantage over paper maps, which can be quite unwieldy if you're trying to find your way while driving.

What else can GPS devices do?

Modern GPS devices have many additional features that make them versatile travel companions. GPS receivers have built-in memory and accept memory cards, ostensibly to store maps, user preferences, and travel information. With the extra space and capacity however, some allow you to load MP3s or AudioBooks for playback in the car or on the go. Recently, some manufacturers have attempted to integrate real-time feedback regarding weather and traffic, to give drivers a more well-rounded idea of what lays on the road ahead.

What types of GPS devices are there?

There are three types of GPS receivers, primarily: in-dash, portable, and handheld models. In-dash GPS is typically installed in a car's dashboard and either comes standard with the automobile or is purchased later and installed by professionals. Portable GPS receivers are small, easy-to-use, affordable, and can be mounted and dismounted in a car at will. They usually have suction cups or other non-permanent means of being affixed to the car. You can use these receivers in many different cars, or even while walking, a substantial advantage over in-dash receivers. The final type are handheld receivers, which are similar to the portable automotive models but even more specifically designed for dropping in a pocket. These are excellent for outdoorspeople, hikers, climbers, boaters, etc. Many cell phones are beginning to implement GPS reception, opening a new frontier for handheld GPS.

What accessories will I need?

The bare essentials are included with most GPS receivers, but it's most likely that you will need to pick up some memory cards, usually Secure Digital cards, to store and save travel information on. If you live in a place with tall buildings or other obstructions that make GPS reception difficult, more powerful antennas can be bought and mounted on your vehicle. Additionally, new and different maps can be purchased separately and loaded onto the GPS receiver. Most GPS units bought in the U.S. include North American maps, but if you're planning a trip abroad, you will most likely have to invest in new maps that cover your destination.

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